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European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Vol 12, 730-737, Copyright © 1997 by European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery
C Basso, M Valente, A Poletti, D Casarotto and G Thiene
OBJECTIVE: Retrospective study of surgical pathology experience on cardiac
and pericardial tumors at the University of Padua in the era of
immunohistochemistry and endomyocardial biopsy. METHODS: In the period
1970-1995, we studied 125 bioptic primary neoplasms: specimens were
obtained from surgical resection in 116 cases, heart transplantation in 3,
pericardiectomy in 3, endomyocardial biopsy in 2 and thoracoscopic biopsy
in 1. Tumor histotype was established by light microscopy and more recently
by immuno-histochemistry, using a large panel of antibodies, through
avidin-biotin peroxidase method, against factor VIII-related antigen,
ulex-europaeus, desmin, myoglobin, muscle- specific actin, smooth
muscle-specific actin, vimentin, cytokeratins, leukocytic common antigen,
neurofilaments and S100-protein. RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen were
benign neoplasms: myxoma was the most frequent (87 cases) followed by
pericardial cyst (8), endocardial papilloma (5), fibroma (3), rhabdomyoma
(3), hematic cyst (2), teratoma (2), hemangioma (1), celothelioma (1) and
lipoma (1). Malignancy was diagnosed in 12 cases, and consisted of
pericardial mesothelioma (3), myxosarcoma (3), angiosarcoma (2),
fibrosarcoma (2) and leiomyosarcoma (2); 4 of them were intracavitary
atrial masses and were supposed to be atrial myxoma on the clinical ground.
Differential diagnosis included endocardial thrombosis (10), metastasis of
concealed extracardiac tumors (5), echinococcosis (3), and Loeffler's
fibroplastic endocarditis (3). In 4 cases, cardiac mass histotype was
defined without thoracotomy, through endomyocardial (3) and thoracoscopic
(1) biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: A large spectrum of cardiac tumors is observed in
the surgical pathology practice. Although the diagnosis of cardiac masses
is easily attainable by routine imaging techniques, differential diagnosis
between primary and secondary tumors, malignant and benign forms, and non
neoplastic masses, is achievable only by a thorough microscopic study of
surgical resections. The role of the cardiac pathologist is becoming
crucial as in other fields of oncology.
ARTICLES
Surgical pathology of primary cardiac and pericardial tumors
Department of Pathology, University of Padua Medical School, Italy.
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