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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998;13:378-384
© 1998 Elsevier Science NL

Cardiac troponin I as an early marker of myocardial damage after coronary bypass surgery

^a Cardio-Vascular Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, St. Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
^b Cardio-vascular Surgery, University Hospital St. Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
^c Clinical Biology Laboratory, University Hospital St. Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium

Received 20 October 1997; received in revised form 12 January 1998; accepted 19 January 1998.

Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 2 7642701; fax: +32 2 7648928.

Study objective: To evaluate the performance of cardiac specific markers, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and CK-MB by mass assay (CK-MB mass), for the early diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and/or infarction after coronary bypass surgery. Methods: Prospective clinical, electrocardiograpic and biologic follow-up of 117 patients undergoing isolated coronary surgery with the use of intermittent anterograde normothermic blood cardioplegia. Blood samples for biochemical analysis were drawn before surgery (T₀) and at 2 (T₁), 6 (T₂), 10 (T₃) and 20 h (T₄) after aortic cross-clamp release. Without knowledge of the biochemical data, patients were classified according to the electrocardiographic evolution into two groups: group 1, uneventful recovery and group 2, evidence of ischemia/infarction based on continuous ST-T segment monitoring and 12-lead ECG. Results: No patients had abnormal markers at T₀. At T₁, although both markers were elevated, no difference was noted between the two groups. At T_2, 6 h after surgery, cTnI and CK-MB mass levels were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (median=17 µg/l, Interquartile Range (IR): 14.7–27.3 vs. 3.1 µg/l, IR 1.9–5.3 for cTnI and median 42.5 µg/l, IR: 27.1–95.7 vs. 13.6 µg/l, IR: 9.5–18.5 for CK-MB mass). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis shows that a cTnI value of 13.1 µg/ml has 100% specificity and 90% sensitivity to separate both groups, whereas a value of 33.2 µg/ml for CK-MB mass has a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 73%. At T₃ and T₄, the same difference was noted between the groups. cTnI values in all six patients with a Q-wave infarction were 20 ng/ml, whereas only one of five patients with prolonged ischemia had cTnI level >20 ng/ml. Conclusion: As soon as 6 h postoperatively, cTnI and CK-MB by mass assay were able to separate those patients with an uneventful recovery from those with significant ischemia. This is particularly useful in frequent cases when the ECG is difficult to interpret.

Key Words: Troponin I • CK-MB • Myocardial ischemia • Infarction • Coronary surgery

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