HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Personal Folders Download to citation manager Permission Requests Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Barron, D.J. Articles by Pepper, J.R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Barron, D.J. Articles by Pepper, J.R.

Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998;13:588-598
© 1998 Elsevier Science NL

Muscle transformation in cardiomyoplasty: the effect of conditioning and mobilisation on perfusion, oxygenation and fatigue resistance in the latissimus dorsi muscle¹

^a Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton Hospital and NHLI, London, SW3 6NP, UK
^b Physiological Flow Studies Group, Imperial College, London, UK
^c Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK

Received 29 September 1997; received in revised form 9 February 1998; accepted 16 February 1998.

Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +44 171 3518530; e-mail: d.barron@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk

Background: In the clinical application of transformed skeletal muscle to cardiac assistance there is evidence that the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) wrap can undergo atrophy, which would prevent it from providing a sustained functional improvement. Possible causes are ischaemia and degeneration related to the conditioning process. We studied the nutritional and structural changes occurring under different stimulation regimes with the aim of improving the conditioning protocol. Methods: Microelectrodes were used to measure regional perfusion and oxygenation in the rabbit LDM during mobilisation and subsequent repeated contraction. Group A muscles (n=10) were conditioned for 6 weeks at 10 Hz, Group B muscles (n=10) for 2 weeks at 2.5 Hz. Each muscle was then mobilised and tested in a hydraulic apparatus which recorded the pressure generated in a closed circuit. Results: Muscles of Group A and Group B demonstrated transformation of fibre type, with a predominance of type I (62±4%) fibres in Group A and type IIa (68±9%) fibres in Group B. There was no evidence of muscle degeneration. After 10 min of fatigue testing the pressure produced was 53±5% of initial values in Group A and 51±8% in Group B, compared to 8±1% in the control group (P<0.001). Maximum rate of relaxation was faster in Group B than in Group A (46±3% vs. 36±3% of control muscle, P<0.05). Mobilisation resulted in a decrease in the distal perfusion of the control muscles (P<0.05) and pO₂ decreased by 8.7±1.7 mmHg during a fatigue test, which resulted in rapid loss of contractile function to 46±1% of the initial value within 1 min. In both Groups A and B the perfusion of all regions of the muscles both before and after mobilisation was greater than that of controls. During the same fatigue test, the pO₂ of the distal regions was maintained and the contractile function fell more slowly to between 70 and 80% of initial values within 1 min. Conclusion: We showed that ischaemia in the distal region of the control LDM could result from mobilisation and repeated contraction. Muscle transformation improved perfusion and prevented a fall in tissue pO₂ during a sustained series of contractions. Muscles that were conditioned at 2.5 Hz shared the improved perfusion of the fully transformed muscle, but had faster relaxation characteristics. Short periods of in situ conditioning prior to mobilisation may help to avoid ischaemic changes in distal parts of the LDM while achieving fatigue resistance in the grafted muscle at an earlier postoperative stage.

Key Words: Cardiomyoplasty • Muscle transformation • Latissimus dorsi muscle • Microelectrodes

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Lopez-Guajardo, H. Sutherland, J. C. Jarvis, and S. Salmons Induction of a fatigue-resistant phenotype in rabbit fast muscle by small daily amounts of stimulation J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2001; 90(5): 1909 - 1918. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. Barron, P. J. Etherington, C. P. Winlove, J. C. Jarvis, S. Salmons, and J. R. Pepper Combination of preconditioning and delayed flap elevation: evidence for improved perfusion and oxygenation of the latissimus dorsi muscle for cardiomyoplasty Ann. Thorac. Surg., March 1, 2001; 71(3): 852 - 861. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]