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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998;14:596-601
© 1998 Elsevier Science NL
a Bristol Heart Institute, University Of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK
b Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ospedale San Camillo de Lellis, Chieti, Italy
Received 18 May 1998; received in revised form 14 September 1998; accepted 29 September 1998.
Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-117-928-3145; fax: +44-117-929-9737.
Objective: The influence of the addition of magnesium on myocardial protection with intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery was investigated and compared with intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia only. Methods: Twenty-three patients undergoing primary elective coronary revascularization were randomized to one of two different techniques of myocardial protection. In the first group, myocardial protection was induced using intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia. In the second group, the same technique was used except that magnesium was added to the cardioplegia. Intracellular substrates (ATP, lactate and amino acids) were measured in left ventricular biopsies collected 5 min after institution of cardiopulmonary bypass, after 30 min of ischaemic arrest and 20 min after reperfusion. Results: There were no significant changes in the intracellular concentration of ATP or free amino acid pool in biopsies taken at the end of the period of myocardial ischaemia. However, the addition of magnesium prevented the significant increase in the intracellular concentration of lactate seen with intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia. Upon reperfusion there was a significant fall in ATP and amino acid concentration when the technique of intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia was used but not when magnesium was added to the cardioplegia. Conclusions: This work shows that intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia supplemented with magnesium prevents substrate derangement early after reperfusion.
Key Words: Intermittent antegrade warm blood hyperkalaemic cardioplegia • Magnesium • Coronary surgery • Amino acids • ATP • Lactate
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