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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;15:159-165
© 1999 Elsevier Science NL

The use of `pericardial hoods' for maintaining exact coronary artery geometry in the arterial switch operation with complex coronary anatomy

Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Received 22 September 1998; received in revised form 9 December 1998; accepted 16 December 1998.

^* Corresponding author. Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Room S549, Box 0118, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0118, USA. Tel.: +1-415-476-3501; fax: +1-415-476-9678.

Objective: Complex coronary artery anatomy is the major risk factor for the arterial switch operation. Of the many approaches described the `trap door' technique for coronary reimplantation is most flexible and allows safer transfer in complex arterial configurations. However, we have occasionally been concerned regarding torsion of the vessels with this approach. We therefore explored the role of trap-door augmentation with pericardial hoods to maintain exact coronary geometry during coronary transfer. Methods: Between February 1992 and December 1997, 80 patients underwent an arterial switch procedure at our institution. Sixty-seven patients underwent direct coronary reimplantation. In ten, coronary/great vessel anatomy was considered unfavourable and the trap-door approach was adopted primarily. In two an augmented trap-door was performed as the primary procedure and in the last patient Aubert's approach was used. In five patients during rewarming, ischaemic changes were noted on the electrocardiogram and/or regional wall motion abnormalities on transoesophageal echocardiography. This prompted revision of the appropriate coronary anastomosis. In three it was considered the anastomosis was kinked due to angulation of the button; in two the coronary was overstretched. In four, revision of the anastomosis was by pericardial hood augmentation. Results: In all patients there was normalization of the electrocardiogram and immediate improvement in cardiac function documented by transoesophageal echocardiography. No early or late death occurred in the pericardial hood group nor were there any re-admissions for any reason. Conclusions: Pericardial augmentation of trap-door aortic anastomoses allows for the maintenance of exact coronary artery geometry during the arterial switch procedure and minimizes the risk of myocardial ischaemia. We believe it broadens the application of the arterial switch procedure to even the most complex coronary anatomy and is a useful adjunct to the other techniques of coronary transfer.

Key Words: Coronary artery anatomy • Arterial switch operation • Pericardial hoods

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