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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;16:S34-S38
© 1999 Elsevier Science NL

Influence of median sternotomy on the psychosomatic outcome in coronary artery single-vessel bypass grafting

Cardiovascular Institute, University Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 76, D-01307 Dresden, Germany

^* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-351-450 1801; fax: +49-351-450 1802 (Email: hkz{at}rcs.urz.tu-dresden.de).

Objectives: New less invasive surgical techniques for the treatment of coronary artery single-vessel disease have been developed by either avoiding median sternotomy or cardiopulmonary bypass or both, however, until now no prospective randomized trial has been carried out to compare these techniques to the conventional approach with special respect to the psychosomatical effects. Methods: In a prospective randomized trial four different surgical techniques were compared. Group 1: conventional technique (median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass) in ten patients (eight male, two female, age 59.6±11.0 years); Group 2: off-pump coronary artery bypass with median sternotomy in nine patients (six male, three female, age 65.7±11.1 years); Group 3: lateral minithoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass in eight patients (five male, three female, age 62.3±9.9 years). Group 4: off-pump procedure and lateral minithoracotomy in nine patients (eight male, one female, age 63.8±11.3 years). All patients due to coronary artery single-vessel disease. The tests used for psychosomatic situation were post-traumatic stress disorders scale, pain behavior rating scale, pain visual analog scale, and 6' walking-distance. For detection of false results due to surgical technical failures 3-month follow-up was undertaken including echocardiography and coronary angiogram. Results: There were no deaths or major complications. Operative time was longer in lateral minithoracotomy procedures, but intensive care unit stay and hospitalization were equal in all groups. Pain visual analog scale and pain behavior rating scale showed a peak on post-operative day 4 in median sternotomy procedures. Post-traumatic stress disorder scale revealed higher values on post-operative day 4 and equalizing with lateral minithoracotomy procedures 1 month post-operatively. Six-minutes walking distance on post-operative day 4 was longer in the group with lateral minithoracotomy. Three-month follow-up revealed patency of all grafts. Conclusions: Even if surgery is successful in all procedures, operative time is longer in lateral minithoracotomy procedures without compromising intensive care unit stay and hospital stay. More pain with multiple post-traumatic stress disorders is related to median sternotomy, and post-operative convalescence is superior for lateral minithoracotomy procedures.

Key Words: Coronary artery disease (CAD) • Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting • Psychosomatic evaluation • Median sternotomy • Minithoracotomy

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