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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001;19:411-416
© 2001 Elsevier Science NL

Active cooling during open repair of thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysms improves outcome

Department for Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Vaudois, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland

Received 10 October 2000; received in revised form 11 February 2001; accepted 16 February 2001.

Corresponding author. Tel.: +41-21-314-2280; fax: +41-21-314-2278
e-mail: ludwig.von-segesser{at}chuv.hospvd.ch

Objective: Evaluate impact of active cooling with partial cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and low systemic heparinization during open repair of thoracoabdoninal aortic aneurysms. Methods: Prospective analysis of 100 consecutive patients undergoing surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Partial CPB and normothermic (36°C) or hypothermic (29°C) perfusion was selected in accordance to the surgeons preference. In the hypothermic group, aortic cross clamp was applied when the target temperature of the venous blood was achieved and rewarming was started after declamping. Results: 52/100 patients (62.2±10.9 years) received normothermic and 48/100 patients hypothermic perfusion (63.8±10.6 years: NS). Emergent procedures accounted for 18/52 (35%) with normothermia vs. 21/48 (44%: NS) with hypothermia. The number of aortic segments (eight = maximum including arch and bifurcation) replaced was 3.9±1.5 with normothermia vs. 4.1±1.5 with hypothermia (NS); Crawford type II aneurysms accounted for 21/52 patients (40%) for normothermia vs. 20/48 (42%:NS) for hypothermia. Total clamp time was 38±21 min with normothermia vs. 47±28 min with hypothermia (P=0.05). Pump time was 55±28 min with normothermia vs. 84±34 min with hypothermia (P=0.001). Mortality at 30 days was 8/52 patients (15%) with normothermia vs. 2/48 (4%) with hypothermia (P=0.06; odds ratio = 4.1). Parapareses/plegias occurred in 4/52 patients (8%) with normothermia vs. 4/48 (8%) with hypothermia (NS). Revisions for bleeding were required in 4/52 patients (8%) with normothermia vs. 2/48 patients (4%) with hypothermia (P=0.38). Revisions for distal vascular problems were necessary in 5/52 patients (10%) with normothermia vs. 2/48 (4%) with hypothermia (P=0.25). Freedom from death, paraplegia, and surgical revision was 89.9% with normothermia vs. 94.8% with hypothermia (P=0.04; odds ratio 2.0). Conclusions: Active cooling during repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms allows for longer cross-clamp times, more complex repairs and improves outcome.

Key Words: Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm • Aneurysm repair • Paraplegia • Hypothermia • Partial cardiopulmonary bypass

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