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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001;19:873-879
© 2001 Elsevier Science NL
a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
b Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
Received 2 February 2001; received in revised form 20 March 2001; accepted 21 March 2001.
Corresponding author. Tel.:+81-3-5800-8654; fax:+81-3-5684-3989
e-mail: suematsu{at}aurora.dti.ne.jp
Objective: Ischaemic or pharmacological preconditioning with L-arginine has been reported to be insufficient for optimal cardioprotection. The ability of nitric oxide (NO) to enhance ischaemic preconditioning was assessed, and the role of L-arginine-induced ischaemic preconditioning in myocardial protection was determined. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were prepared and divided into six groups: control hearts (control, n=6) were perfused without global ischaemia at 37°C for 160 min; global ischaemia hearts (GI, n=6) were subjected to ischaemia for 20 min and reperfusion for 120 min; ischaemic preconditioned hearts (IP, n=6) received 2 min of zero-flow global ischaemia followed by 5 min reperfusion, before 20 min of global ischaemia; L-arginine hearts (ARG, n=6) received 1 mmol/l L-arginine for 5 min, before 20 min of global ischaemia; ischaemic preconditioning plus nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hearts (IP+L-NAME, n=6) received 2 min of ischaemic preconditioning and 5 min reperfusion with 3 mmol/l L-NAME in Krebs–Henseleit buffer, before 20 min of global ischaemia; and ischaemic preconditioning plus L-arginine hearts (IP+ARG, n=6) received 2 min of ischaemic preconditioning and 5 min reperfusion with 1 mmol/l L-arginine in Krebs–Henseleit buffer. Haemodynamic parameters and coronary flow were recorded continuously. Nitrites and nitrates (NOx) were measured 5 and 60 min after reperfusion, and infarct size was also determined. Results: In the IP+ARG group, significant amelioration and preservation of left ventricular peak developed pressure and coronary flow was observed compared with the GI, IP, ARG and IP+L-NAME groups. Infarct size in the IP+ARG group was reduced significantly compared with that in the GI, IP, ARG and IP+L-NAME groups. Significant preservation of NOx was observed during reperfusion in the IP+ARG group compared with the GI group. Conclusions: Inhibition of NO synthase with L-NAME had little impact on ischaemic preconditioning, suggesting that endogenous NO is not a major mediator of ischaemic preconditioning. Nevertheless, enhancement of the effects of ischaemic preconditioning can be achieved with L-arginine, a precursor of NO, improving post-ischaemic functional recovery and infarct size in the isolated rat heart.
Key Words: Ischaemic preconditioning • L-Arginine • Nitric oxide • Cardioprotection • Isolated rat heart
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