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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;22:421-425
© 2002 Elsevier Science NL

Six-year prospective audit of chest reopening after cardiac arrest

Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK

Received 19 January 2002; received in revised form 29 April 2002; accepted 2 May 2002.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-1480-364-406; fax: +44-1480-831-143
e-mail: jon.mackay{at}papworth-tr.anglox.nhs.uk

Objective: To identify which patients benefit from chest reopening after cardiac arrest. Setting: Cardio-thoracic hospital undertaking full range of adult cardio-thoracic surgery. Methods: In-hospital arrests were prospectively audited over a 6-year period. Information was collected for every patient whose chest was reopened following cardiac arrest: location of arrest, type of arrest, specialty, time since surgery, time to chest reopening, location of chest opening, surgical findings on reopening, time to cardiopulmonary bypass (if used) and patient outcomes. Exclusions: Arrests in theatre and chest openings for reasons other than cardiac arrest. Results: There were 818 confirmed in-hospital arrests following ‘cardiac arrest calls’. Chest reopening was undertaken in 79 surgical patients. Overall survival to discharge was 20/79 (25%). Favourable determinants of outcome were: arrest on intensive care unit (ICU), arrest within 24 h of surgery and reopening within 10 min of arrest. Nineteen of 58 (33%) chest openings following arrests on the ICU survived to discharge compared to one of 21 (5%) patients whose initial arrest was outside the ICU (P=0.017). One of nine ward arrests scooped to ICU for chest reopening survived whereas all 12 patients reopened on the ward died. Fifteen of 40 patients (38%) reopened within 24 h surgery survived compared to five of 39 patients where reopening was undertaken more than 24 h after surgery (P=0.02). Fourteen of 29 (48%) patients opened within 10 min of arrest survived to discharge compared to six of 50 (12%) patients where time to reopening was more than 10 min (P=<0.001). Seven of 22 patients (32%) patients where emergency bypass was utilised survived to discharge. Conclusion: This study strongly confirms the benefit of chest reopening after cardiac arrest in the cardiac surgical ICU. Patients who arrest within 24 h of surgery and in whom reopening is instituted within 10 min are particularly likely to benefit. The value of chest reopening in arrests outside the ICU remains unresolved. All patients reopened on the ward died, suggesting that this practice should be discontinued. Early ‘scoop and run’ resulted in one solitary survivor though it should probably be restricted to patients who arrest within 72 h of surgery as surgically remediable problems are unlikely after this time.

Key Words: Cardiac surgery • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) • Open-chest CPR • Resuscitation • Cardiopulmonary bypass

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