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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;24:807-816
© 2003 Elsevier Science NL
a Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine/New York University, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1028, New York, NY 10029, USA
b Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine/New York University, New York, NY, USA
c Department of Biomathematics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine/New York University, New York, NY, USA
Received 13 June 2003; received in revised form 24 July 2003; accepted 9 August 2003.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-212-659-6800; fax: +1-212-659-6818
e-mail: ju.strauch{at}gmx.de
Objective: Hypothermic selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) is widely used for cerebral protection during aortic arch surgery, but the effect of the absence of systemic perfusion on cerebrovascular dynamics it has never been established. This study explored the physiology of prolonged SCP compared to hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (HCPB) in pigs. Methods: In this blinded protocol, 29 juvenile pigs (20–23 kg) were randomized after cooling on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to 20 °C. Group I pigs (n=14) underwent 90 min of SCP, while group II (HCPB, n=15) underwent total body perfusion. Fluorescent microspheres were injected during perfusion and recovery, enabling calculation of total and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF). Cerebrovascular resistance (CVR), oxygen consumption and intracranial pressure (ICP) were also monitored. Results: CBF decreased significantly (P=0.0001) during cooling, but remained at significantly higher levels with SCP than with HCPB throughout perfusion and recovery (P<0.0001). CVR was significantly lower with SCP than with HCPB throughout perfusion (P=0.04). Oxygen consumption fell significantly with cooling (P=0.0001), remained low during perfusion, and rebounded promptly with rewarming; with SCP it was significantly higher than with HCPB throughout the perfusion interval (P=0.03), and remained higher thereafter. ICP rose significantly less with SCP than with HCPB (P=0.02). Conclusion: We conclude that, compared with HCPB, SCP results in beneficial cerebral vasodilatation, as evidenced by significantly higher CBF and oxygen consumption during SCP, by prompt recovery of oxygen consumption after rewarming, and by significantly lower ICP during perfusion and in the post-bypass period.
Key Words: Cerebral blood flow • Selective cerebral perfusion • Fluorescent microsphere • Animal model
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