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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004;26:1112-1117
© 2004 Elsevier Science NL

Ischemic mitral valve prolapse: mechanisms and implications for valve repair

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital de la Salpétrière, 50-52 Bd Vincent Auriol, 75013 Paris, France

Received 16 April 2004; received in revised form 6 July 2004; accepted 13 July 2004.

^* Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 1 42 16 56 85; fax: +33 1 42 16 56 78. (E-mail: c.acar{at}psl.ap-hop-paris.fr).

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the mechanisms of prolapse in ischemic mitral valve regurgitation (MR) and the techniques of valve repair. Methods: Out of 121 patients operated upon for ischemic MR, a prolapse was present in 44 patients (36.4%). The operation was performed emergently in four cases (9.1%) and electively in 40 patients (90.9%). Fifteen patients (34.1%) were operated upon within 60 days following acute myocardial infarction. Results: The diagnosis of prolapse had been overlooked by echography in five cases (11.4%). A commissural area was involved as the site of prolapse in 31 cases (70.4%). The mechanism of prolapse was a papillary muscle (PM) lesion in 38 cases (86.4%) (anterior PM: n=8, posterior PM n=36) or a chordal lesion in six cases (13.6%). PM injury was elongation (n=16), or rupture (total n=1, partial n=21, incomplete n=4). The operative technique was mitral valve repair with Carpentier's techniques in 42 cases (95.5%) or replacement in two cases (4.5%). Hospital mortality was 11.4% (n=4). The mean follow-up was to 44.7±29.6 months. Overall survival and freedom from reoperation were 68.3±9.0 and 89.9±5.7% at 5 years, respectively. Freedom from MR equal or > grade 2 was 69.7±9.5% at 5 years. Conclusions: The mechanisms of ischemic mitral valve prolapse were variable and tightly linked to the PM anatomy. A reliable mitral valve repair could be achieved in most cases with acceptable mid-term results.

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