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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006;29:S50-S55
© 2006 Elsevier Science NL

Review

Morphological and functional evidences of the helical heart from non-invasive cardiac imaging

Francesc Carreras a , * , Manel Ballester b , Sandra Pujadas a , Ruben Leta a , Guillem Pons-Llado a

a Cardiac Imaging Unit, Hospital de Sant Pau, St. Ant. Ma Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
b Department of Cardiology, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

Received 17 February 2006; accepted 28 February 2006.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 93 556 5914; fax: +34 93 556 5718. (Email: fcarreras{at}santpau.es).

The non-invasive study of cardiac mechanics has been improved after the recent introduction of advanced magnetic resonance and echocardiographic imaging techniques. Tagged and diffusion-sensitive cardiac magnetic resonance allows the study of myocardial torsion dynamics as well as the anatomical disposition of myocardial fibers. Local myocardial strain and synchronicity of myocardial contraction can also be determined with Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) echocardiography. Published results with these techniques demonstrate a mechanical behavior that is a consequence of a myocardial helical fiber orientation and strongly support the evidence of the double-loop single muscular band model described by Torrent-Guasp.

Key Words: Doppler tissue Echocardiogram • Helical ventricular myocardial • Band • Tagged and diffusion cardiac MRI • Torsion dynamics






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Copyright © 2006 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.