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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:290-297. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.11.015
Copyright © 2007, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
uza
öza,b
a Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Umut Heart Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
b Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, University of Ankara School of Medicine, Dikimevi, Ankara 06340, Turkey
c Division of Anesthesiology, Umut Heart Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
Received 24 August 2006; received in revised form 27 October 2006; accepted 14 November 2006.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 505 5279680; fax: +90 312 3625639. (Email: rakar{at}medicine.ankara.edu.tr).
Objective: Acute renal failure remains a common and serious complication of cardiac surgery. In this randomized trial, we aimed to assess whether sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could prevent renal dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods: Between October 2004 and May 2006, 240 consecutive patients with stable angina undergoing elective CABG for multi-vessel coronary artery disease were prospectively randomized into control (n
= 116, 72 men, mean age 61.3 ± 9.7 years) or SNP groups (n
= 124, 81 men, 60.8 ± 10.8 years). SNP group received SNP after initiation of rewarming period during CPB at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg/h and the infusion was concluded by weaning from CPB. The anesthetic and CPB regimes were standardized. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine clearance (C
Cr), urine output, serum cardiac specific troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase cardiac isoenzyme (CKMB), and CPK were measured preoperatively and daily until day 5 after surgery. Results: There were no differences in baseline levels of BUN, SCr, eGFR, C
Cr, cTnI, CKMB, CPK levels and EuroSCORES between the groups. Although the durations of cross clamp, CPB times, and postoperative cardiac enzymes were similar in both groups; in the control group, there was a significantly lower urine excretion during CPB (p
= 0.002) and the operation (p
= 0.041). Peak postoperative SCr levels were significantly (p
= 0.001) lower in the SNP group than in the control group (1.29 ± 0.28 vs 1.42 ± 0.34 mg/dl). The incidence of 
50%
SCr was significantly higher in the control group when compared with the SNP group (35.3 vs 13.7%, p
< 0.001). Development of new C
Cr less than 50 ml/min postoperatively was significantly higher in the control group compared with the SNP group (14 vs 38%, p
< 0.001). Conclusion: SNP administration during rewarming period of non-pulsatile CPB in patients undergoing CABG surgery is associated with improved renal function compared with conventional medical treatment providing adequate preload and mean arterial pressures.
Key Words: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) • Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) • Kidney • Complications • Sodium nitroprusside • Glomerular filtration rate
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