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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:915-921. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2006.12.040
Copyright © 2007, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Analysis of the fiber architecture of the heart by quantitative polarized light microscopy.

Accuracy, limitations and contribution to the study of the fiber architecture of the ventricles during fetal and neonatal life

Pierre-Simon Jouka,b,*, Ayman Mouradc,d, Vuk Milisicd, Gabrielle Michalowicza,b, Annie Raoultc,e, Denis Caillerief, Yves Ussonb

a Department of Genetics, Grenoble Teaching Hospital, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France
b Equipe Reconnaissance des Formes et Microscopie Quantitative—Laboratoire TIMC, UMR 5525 CNRS, Grenoble, France
c Laboratoire Modélisation et Calculs, IMAG, Grenoble, France
d Bioengineering Institute, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
e MAP5, Université Paris 5-René Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, France
f Laboratoire Sols, Solides, Structures, Grenoble, France

Received 27 July 2006; received in revised form 4 December 2006; accepted 5 December 2006.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 4 76 76 54 82; fax: +33 4 76 76 88 50. (Email: psjouk{at}chu-grenoble.fr).

Objective: To address the advantages and drawbacks of quantitative polarized light microscopy for the study of myocardial cell orientation and to identify its contribution in the field. Methods: Quantitative polarized light microscopy allows to measure the orientation of myocardial fibers into the ventricular mass. For each pixel of a horizontal section, this orientation is the mean value of the directions of all myosin filaments contained in the thickness of the section for each pixel of the section and is accounted for by two angles, the azimuth angle, which is the angle of the fiber in the plane of the section, and the elevation angle, which measures the way the fiber escapes from the section. The azimuth is accurately measured, and its range of definition is complete from 0° to 180°. The elevation angle can be defined only in the range 0° to 90°. It is accurately measured between 20° and 70°. From 0° to 20°, there is a systematic bias raising the measured values, and from 70° to 90°, the angle is not accurately measured. Results: With this method, we validated Streeter's conjecture concerning the architecture of the left ventricle. We formulated a pretzel conjecture about the fiber architecture of the whole ventricular mass during fetal period. In our model, elaborated by visual analysis of registered maps of orientation, the fibers run like geodesics on a nested set of ‘pretzels’. Next, the validity of the helical ventricular myocardial band model of Torrent-Guasp has been examined. It appears that the band model does not account for the patterns observed in our data during the fetal period. However, after the major events of postnatal cardiovascular adaptation, our data can neither discard nor confirm Torrent-Guasp's model. Conclusions: Present limitations of quantitative polarized light analysis can neither confirm nor discard the existing models of fiber orientation in the whole ventricular mass after the neonatal period. However, the problems of mathematical and experimental validation of these two models have been posed in a rigorous manner. Non-ambiguous fiber tracking and demonstration of these models will require significant improvement of the definition range of the elevation angle that should be extended to 180°.

Key Words: Polarized light microscopy • Myocardium • Structure






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Copyright © 2007 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.