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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:1144-1146. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.02.023
Copyright © 2007, European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Case report

Endobronchial aspergillosis and actinomycosis associated with broncholithiasis

Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Omiya Medical Center, Jichi Medical School, Amanuma-cho 1-847, Omiya, Saitama 330-8503, Japan

Received 22 November 2006; received in revised form 20 February 2007; accepted 26 February 2007.

^_* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81 48 647 2111; fax: +81 48 648 5188. (Email: h-tsubochi{at}omiya.jichi.ac.jp).

Endobronchial aspergillosis or actinomycosis associated with broncholithiasis is extremely rare. Here, we describe two cases of endobronchial aspergillosis and actinomycosis associated with broncholithiasis. The patients underwent pulmonary resection due to massive hemoptysis. These cases reveal that a bronchiolith can potentially induce endobronchial fungal or bacterial infection, even in immunocompetent patients.

Key Words: Broncholithiasis • Aspergillus • Actinomyces