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Autologous pericardial pulmonary conduit with single point attached commissures in a sheep model

^a Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Division of Thermal and Fluids Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
^b Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center at the Technical University Munich, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
^c National Heart Centre; Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
^d Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

Received 30 August 2007; received in revised form 5 October 2007; accepted 16 October 2007.

^_* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 89 12180; fax: +49 89 12184113. (Email: goetz{at}dhm.mhn.de).

Objective: For the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease and in Ross procedure a valved conduit is frequently required. Since homografts are not readily available in every country, a reliable alternative is needed. We developed a novel technique to construct a valved pulmonary conduit with single point attached commissures (SPAC) in a simple and fast way from a small strip of autologous pericardium, molded and briefly treated with glutaraldehyde. Methods: Autologous pericardial pulmonary conduit was constructed intraoperatively and implanted in pulmonary position in a beating heart in six sheep. The prosthesis size was 31 mm for all sheep and the construction time (including 10 min glutaraldehyde treatment) was 19.0 ± 3.3 min. Implantation time and cardiopulmonary by-pass was 27.3 ± 5.4 min and 40.5 ± 7.7 min, respectively. The sheep were euthanized after 6 months (222.7 ± 5.8 days) postoperatively. Results: In all sheep, the autologous pericardial valve was immediately competent. At sacrifice, the pericardial valve was pliable and competent in all cases with SPAC well anchored to the pericardial conduit wall. The maximum transvalvular gradient at implant and at sacrifice was 3.3 ± 2.8 mmHg and 3.3 ± 2.0 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions: This novel autologous pericardial pulmonary conduit with SPAC can be reliably produced in a very short time intraoperatively before cardiopulmonary by-pass. The simplicity of construction, biocompatibility and freedom of stenosis or thrombosis makes this autologous pulmonary conduit especially useful for patients at locations where homografts are not readily available.

Key Words: Pulmonary conduit • Pericardium • Autologous • SPAC