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Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;33:516-517. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.12.026
Copyright © 2008, European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.

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Ralph Alexander Schmid
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Case reports

Langerhans cell histiocytosis as differential diagnosis of a mediastinal tumor

René Fahrner, Beatrix Hoksch, Mathias Gugger, Ralph Alexander Schmid*

Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland

Received 17 September 2007; received in revised form 7 December 2007; accepted 10 December 2007.

* Corresponding author. Address: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 31 6322330; fax: +41 31 6322327. (Email: ralph.schmid{at}insel.ch).

We describe the case of a 55-year-old man who presented with parasternal swelling. The chest CT scan showed a large tumor of the chest wall infiltrating the subcutaneous tissue. To assume histologic diagnosis an open biopsy was performed. Between the myofibrils a coarse, white tumor with infiltrative growth was noted. Histopathologic examination revealed expanded atrophic skeletal muscle that was infiltrated by histiocytic cells. Numerous eosinophilic granulocytes and lymphocytes CD20 and CD3 positive could be detected and immunohistochemical staining was also positive for S-100 proteins and CD1a. Histologic findings were characteristic of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). To the best of our knowledge a LCH originating from the mediastinum in an adult as presented has not been previously described.

Key Words: Langerhans cell histiocytosis • Mediastinum • Tumor







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Copyright © 2008 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier. All rights reserved.