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Long-term follow-up of supra-annular pulmonary autograft aortic root replacement in patients with bicuspid aortic valve

^a Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt-Main, Germany
^b Cardio-Vascular Centre, Bad Bevensen, Germany

Received 9 October 2007; received in revised form 6 May 2008; accepted 9 May 2008.

^_* Corresponding author. Address: Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt-Main, Germany. Tel.: +49 69 6301 6141; fax: +49 69 6301 5849. (Email: dr.feyzanoezaslan{at}o2online.de).

Objective: The performance of the Ross procedure in the case of geometric mismatch between pulmonary autograft and a bicuspid aortic root has not yet been fully evaluated. To prevent geometrically caused autograft dysfunction, a modification of the surgical technique is necessary. Methods: Between January 1996 and January 2007, 50 patients (33 male, 17 female; mean age 50 ± 14 years; range 13–63 years) underwent replacement of a diseased bicuspid aortic valve (stenosis in 14 cases; insufficiency in 21; combined disease in 15) with a Ross procedure. The pulmonary autograft was inserted partially in supra-annular position to correct the geometric mismatch between the deeper base of the non-coronary sinus and the right/left coronary sinus. In 24 of these patients, additional tailoring of the non-coronary sinus was necessary. In eight patients the non-coronary sinus was covered with a glutaraldehyde treated autologous pericardial patch to prevent pseudoaneurysm formation. Patients were followed up 1, 2, 5 and 10 years postoperatively. Results: There were no early or late deaths. There were six reoperations. One patient was reoperated because of persistent severe aortic valve insufficiency 9 months postoperatively. Three patients were reoperated for formation of subannular pseudoaneurysm, 6, 9 and 30 months postoperatively. One patient was reoperated for closure of a paravalvular dehiscence. Another patient was reoperated 1 year postoperatively because of a severe pulmonary stenosis due to excessive calcification of the bioprosthesis. Echocardiographic follow-up of the remaining patients showed no evidence of residual or recurrent pulmonary autograft regurgitation or progression of aortic root dilatation. Conclusion: Autograft replacement of the bicuspid aortic valve is challenging, as the geometric mismatch has to be adjusted. Valve dysfunction is avoided by a supra-annular implantation technique, but pseudoaneurysm formation at the base of the non-coronary sinus is a worrying aspect. Patch reinforcement may solve this issue.

Key Words: Bicuspid aortic valve • Ross procedure • Aortic valve replacement