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Letters to the Editor

Fractional flow reserve: a reliable tool in bypass strategy

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zs. Krt. 22, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary

Received 16 October 2008; accepted 1 December 2008.

^_* Corresponding author. Tel.: +36 52413369; fax: +36 52413369. (Email: tamasmaros{at}hotmail.com).

Key Words: Fractional flow reserve • Intermediate coronary stenosis • Coronary bypass strategy

I read with interest the article by Kawamura et al. entitled ‘Patency rate of the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery bypass is reduced by competitive flow from the concomitant saphenous vein graft in the left coronary artery’ [1]. The authors proved that long-term patency of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) left anterior descending (LAD) coronary bypass was affected by the presence of the patent saphenous vein graft (SVG) to the left coronary artery, particularly when the native coronary stenosis between the two anastomotic sites was not severe.

I agree that the greater diameter of the SVG as compared with the in situ ITA graft can be associated with lower flow resistance. It was proved by pressure wire measurements by Glineur et al. who found significantly higher resistance in left ITA compared to venous grafts [2].

However this lower resistance could cause significant competitive flow only in case of non-significant flow limitation between the two distal anastomoses. Kawamura et al. drew attention to the anticipated flow demand of the second target branch in the left coronary artery, but they doubted that this factor could be quantified by reliable methods. Here I would like to argue for the intracoronary pressure wire measurement during induced maximal hyperemia as a practical tool for reliable assessment of the functional severity of coronary stenoses. Botman et al. evaluated the patency of bypass grafts in relation to the preoperative angiographic and functional severity of the coronary lesions assessed by fractional flow reserve (FFR) determination. They found 21.4% occlusion rate of the bypass grafts on functionally non-significant lesions (FFR > 0.75) in contrast to 8.9% among those on functionally significant lesions (FFR 0.75) [3].

In our institute we plan the surgical revascularization strategy on the basis of extensive consultation with the invasive cardiologists. In our routine the FFR measurements give valuable information in the decision about grafting vessels with intermediate lesions [4]. Integrating these functional data into bypass strategy helps to avoid the inappropriate use of grafts [5]. In my opinion, careful evaluation of functional consequences of coronary lesions can contribute to find the right strategy in multiple coronary grafting.

References

1. Kawamura M, Nakajima H, Kobayashi J, Funatsu T, Otsuka Y, Yagihara T, Kitamura S. Patency rate of the internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery bypass is reduced by competitive flow from the concomitant saphenous vein graft in the left coronary artery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34(4):22.
2. Glineur D, Poncelet A, El Khoury G, D’hoore W, Astarci P, Zech F, Noirhomme P, Hanet C. Fractional flow reserve of pedicled internal thoracic artery and saphenous vein grafts 6 months after bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31(3):376-381.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
3. Botman CJ, Schonberger J, Koolen S, Penn O, Botman H, Dib N, Eeckhout E, Pijls N. Does stenosis severity of native vessels influence bypass graft patency? A prospective fractional flow reserve-guided study. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83(6):2093-2097.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
4. Koszegi Z, Vaszily M, Galajda Z, Szerafin T, Peterffy A, Edes I. Competitive flow on the background of the string sign of the left internal thoracic artery grafts. Eur Heart J 2007;28:673.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
5. Koszegi Z, Balogh E, Balkay L, Varga J, Galuska L, Jenei C, Apro D, Edes I. Database management expert program for integrated evaluation of non-invasive and invasive results of coronary heart disease. Comput Cardiol 2003;30:275-278.

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				M. Kawamura, H. Nakajima, and J. Kobayashi Reply to Maros Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., March 1, 2009; 35(3): 556 - 557. [Full Text] [PDF]

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